What is Bipolar Disorder?

Living with Bipolar Disorder

Whether you or a loved one has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), this page is designed to help you understand the condition, recognize its challenges, and discover ways to support well-being and improve quality of life.

What Is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a serious, chronic mental health condition marked by cycles of depression, mania, and sometimes hypomania (a milder form of mania). These shifts in mood and energy levels can deeply affect a person’s daily life, relationships, and ability to function at work or school.

Types of episodes include:

  • Mania: Elevated mood, increased energy, impulsivity, and poor judgment. Episodes last at least 7 days and may cause severe life disruptions.

  • Hypomania: Similar symptoms to mania but milder and lasting at least 4 days. Typically does not result in major life impairment.

  • Depression: Overwhelming sadness, low energy, sleep issues, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts. Depressive symptoms are often more frequent and disruptive than manic ones.

  • Mixed Episodes: Symptoms of mania and depression occur at the same time, increasing distress and risk.

Some people experience rapid cycling, with four or more mood episodes within a year.

Why It Matters

Bipolar disorder affects more than just mood—it can significantly impact every part of a person’s life:

  • Up to 30% of people with BD struggle to maintain employment.

  • Quality of life can be impaired even when mood symptoms are well-managed.

  • 6–7% of individuals with BD die by suicide.

Early recognition, treatment, and strong support systems can change the course of the illness.

Signs and Symptoms

Depression

  • Sadness, hopelessness

  • Anxiety, guilt, or irritability

  • Fatigue, low motivation

  • Sleep/appetite changes

  • Loss of interest in activities

  • Suicidal thoughts

Mania

  • Euphoria or extreme irritability

  • Racing thoughts and impulsivity

  • Decreased need for sleep

  • Risky behaviors (e.g., substance use, reckless driving)

  • Loud, fast, or incoherent speech

  • Psychotic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusions)

Most At-Risk Populations for Suicide

  • Young people

  • Women

  • Those with a family history of suicide

  • Individuals with anxiety, substance use, or borderline personality disorders

For Family and Friends

You play a vital role in supporting your loved one’s journey.

How You Can Help:

  • Learn about BD: Knowledge reduces fear and builds empathy.

  • Promote routine: Help maintain consistent sleep, meals, and activity.

  • Watch for warning signs: Early detection of mood shifts can prevent crises.

  • Have open and honest discussions about suicide risk: Know the signs and have a plan.

  • Seek support for yourself: Caregiving is demanding—your wellness matters too.

Treatment & Management

Medical Treatments

  • Mood stabilizers

  • Antipsychotic medications

  • Cautious use of antidepressants

Psychological Therapies

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  • Narrative and family-focused therapy

  • Psychoeducation and lifestyle regularization

Lifestyle Support

  • Regular sleep and exercise (150 minutes/week recommended)

  • Stress management and avoidance of substances

  • Use of smartphone tools and apps for symptom tracking

Collaborative Care

Integrated care involving clinicians, social workers, and support services improves outcomes. Patients receiving coordinated psychosocial care report better functioning and quality of life.

Resources and Next Steps

If you or a loved one has bipolar disorder, you are not alone. Help is available:

  • 📞 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (24/7): Dial 988

  • 🌐 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): www.nimh.nih.gov

  • 🌐 National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI): www.nami.org

  • Ask your provider about referrals to:

    • Support groups

    • Social workers

    • Substance use programs

    • Vocational rehab and disability services

What You Can Do Today

  • If you're living with BD: Follow your treatment plan, create daily structure, and ask for help when needed.

  • If you're supporting someone with BD: Educate yourself, listen with compassion, and encourage consistency.

  • If you're a clinician or advocate: Share this page, offer education, and promote holistic care that includes mental, physical, and social wellness.

Bipolar disorder can be overwhelming, but with education, treatment, and support, a full and meaningful life is possible.